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Middleton Reef is a coral reef in the Tasman Sea. It is separated by a deep oceanic pass some 45 km wide from nearby Elizabeth Reef, forming part of the Lord Howe Rise underwater plateau. It is around 220 km from Lord Howe Island and 555 km from the coast of New South Wales. In 1997 the (Environment, Sport and Territories Legislation Amendment Bill 1996 ) included the reef in Australia's Coral Sea Islands Territory. It is among the southernmost platform reefs in the world. Despite its relatively high latitude, there is a wide variety of flora and fauna on the reef and in the surrounding waters, due to converging tropical and temperate ocean currents. It is about 8.9 km long by 6.3 km wide. At low tide most of the reef flat is exposed, at high tide only one cay is visible, The Sound, 100 m by 70 m and one metre above sea level. The reefs form the (Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve ) managed by the Government of Australia under the Natural Heritage Trust. ] == Flora and fauna == Surveys by the Australian Institute of Marine Science have highlighted healthy numbers of black cod ''Epinephelus daemelii'', a threatened species〔(Black Cod net )〕 in NSW waters.〔(Marine Surveys undertaken in the Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Nature Reserve, December 2003 )〕 The survey in 2003 highlighted 111 species of coral and identified 181 species of fish. The number of recorded fish species is 311 across several surveys. High numbers of Galapagos sharks ''Carcharhinus galapagensis'' were observed at Elizabeth Reef, and may indicate that the reef is a nursery. Sea cucumber (black teatfish), ''Holothuria whitmaei'',〔(Reefbase Online Library )〕 were also found in high numbers at Elizabeth Reef. While the 2003 survey found only small numbers of crown-of-thorns starfish, a survey in 2005 indicated that that species is now active.〔(AIMS Reef Monitoring Elizabeth Reef )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Middleton Reef」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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